NETGURUMALI

Most urinary tract infections (UTIs) involve only the bladder and urethra (the lower urinary system). Pyelonephritis results when a UTI progresses to involve the upper urinary system (the kidneys and ureters).

Pyelonephritis is a potentially serious kidney infection that can spread to the blood, causing severe illness. Fortunately, pyelonephritis is almost always curable with antibiotics.

The kidneys filter the blood to produce urine. Two tubes called the ureters carry urine from the kidneys down to the bladder. Urine travels from the bladder out of the body through the urethra.

Most cases of pyelonephritis are complications of common bladder infections. Bacteria enter the body from the skin around the urethra. They then travel up the urethra to the bladder.

Sometimes, bacteria escape the bladder and urethra, traveling up the ureters to one or both kidneys. The resulting kidney infection is called pyelonephritis.

The urethra is much shorter in women than in men, which is one reason why women are more vulnerable to UTIs and pyelonephritis.
Symptoms of Pyelonephritis
At least half of women have experienced the discomfort with urination caused by a urinary tract infection: painful, urgent, or frequent urination.

Pyelonephritis may start with similar symptoms. However, once the infection has spread to the kidney, signs of more severe illness usually result:

Back pain or flank pain
Fever (usually present) and/or chills
Feeling sick (malaise)
Nausea and vomiting
Confusion (especially in the elderly)
Pyelonephritis may cause noticeable changes in the urine, such as:

Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Pain when urinating
Increased frequency or urgency of urination

Causes of Pyelonephritis
Most often, the bacteria that cause pyelonephritis are the same as those that cause ordinary urinary tract infections. Bacteria found in stool (such as E. coli or klebsiella) are most common. Uncommonly, bacteria from the skin or the environment cause pyelonephritis.

Conditions that create reduced urine flow make pyelonephritis more likely. When urine flow slows or stops, bacteria can more easily travel up the ureters. Some causes of urine obstruction include:

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Abdominal or pelvic masses (as from cancer)
Stones in the bladder, ureters, or kidneys
Kidney stones contribute to pyelonephritis by providing a place for bacteria to grow while evading the body's defenses.
People with diabetes or conditions that impair the immune system are more likely to get pyelonephritis.

How Pyelonephritis Is Diagnosed
Doctors may rely on various tests to diagnose pyelonephritis:

History. Telling the story of your illness and specific symptoms helps a doctor make the diagnosis of pyelonephritis.

Physical examination . A doctor notes a person's general appearance, vital signs, and presses over the kidneys to check for tenderness.

Urinalysis. In pyelonephritis, microscopic analysis of the urine virtually always shows signs of infection. This can include an excess of white blood cells and bacteria.

Kidney stones are made of salts and minerals in the urine that stick together to form small "pebbles." They are usually painless while they remain in the kidney. But they can cause severe pain when small pieces leave the kidney and travel through the narrow tubes (ureters) to the bladder.

Symptoms of a kidney stone include severe pain in the flank, which is felt just below the rib cage and above the waist, usually on only one side of the back. The pain may spread to the lower abdomen, groin, and genital area. Other symptoms include blood in the urine (hematuria), painful or frequent urination (dysuria), and nausea and vomiting.

People often associate kidney and ureteral stones with pain. However, symptoms can vary from severe pain to no pain at all, depending on stone characteristics – such as the size, shape, and location of the stone in the urinary tract

If your visit to the washroom has become abnormally frequent and it causes immense pain to urinate then, it is time for you to get cautious about those signs. To your surprise, the symptoms which you had been ignoring for a quite a while can be some early warning signs of kidney stone.

A stone in the kidney occurs when a small piece of calcium from the urine forms in the kidney or the ureter. When other minerals stick to it they together form a stone.
Although the symptoms of kidney stone can be seen quite soon but, knowing these early signs can help you stay alert about its formation.

Pain while Urinating

If you have been experiencing the urge to urinate a lot more frequently than ever, you must get checked for a stone in the kidney. Also, if urinating is accompanied with pain, your symptoms are clear. The pain occurs when the stone moves from the bladder to the urethra. This movement also leads to urinary tract infection (UTI).
Pain in the Back

Severe pain in the back especially, in the side and the back below the ribs where the kidneys are located indicates a stone trouble. The pain may also shift from lower abdomen to the groin.
Blood with Urine
People who suffer from kidney stones, often experience pink, red, or brown urine. As the stone grows in size, it blocks the urethra and you will notice dash of blood with your urine.
Vomiting

The feeling of nausea due to kidney stones is so strong that you will almost end throwing up. Vomiting takes place due the immense amount of pain which is caused by the stone. Vomiting also takes place because the body wants to get rid of the waste accumulated due to the blockage by stones. To vomit out is be the only way to remove all the toxins from the body.

When you have a stone in the kidney, discoloration of your urine starts taking place. Along with this, the urine also starts having a foul smell which is caused by the toxins that stay in the body due to blockage. It is these chemicals which crystallize and form the stone.
Difficulty in Sitting Comfortable Position

When the stone becomes large in size, the pain becomes intolerable. This causes pressure in the area when the patient sits down or tries to lie down in a comfortable position.
To eliminate the problem completely, you must know its symptoms. If you are encountering any of these troubles, it will help you take early consultation from the doctor which will save you from the trouble in future.

 Most have no symptoms
Most people infected with the West Nile virus have no signs or symptoms.

Mild infection signs and symptoms
About 20 percent of people develop a mild infection called West Nile fever. Common signs and symptoms of West Nile fever include:

    Fever
    Headache
    Body aches
    Fatigue
    Skin rash (occasionally)
    Swollen lymph glands (occasionally)
    Eye pain (occasionally)

Serious infection signs and symptoms
In less than 1 percent of infected people, the virus causes a serious neurological infection. Such infection may include inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or of the brain and surrounding membranes (meningoencephalitis). Serious infection may also include infection and inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), inflammation of the spinal cord (West Nile poliomyelitis) and acute flaccid paralysis — a sudden weakness in your arms, legs or breathing muscles. Signs and symptoms of these diseases include:

    High fever
    Severe headache
    Stiff neck
    Disorientation or confusion
    Stupor or coma
    Tremors or muscle jerking
    Lack of coordination
    Convulsions
    Pain
    Partial paralysis or sudden weakness

Signs and symptoms of West Nile fever usually last a few days, but sign and symptoms of encephalitis or meningitis can linger for weeks, and certain neurological effects, such as muscle weakness, may be permanent.

When to see a doctor
Mild symptoms of West Nile fever usually resolve on their own. If you experience signs or symptoms of serious infection, such as severe headaches, a stiff neck or an altered mental state, seek medical attention right away. A serious West Nile virus infection generally requires hospitalization.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, chronic condition of skin which affects millions of people worldwide. It is a troublesome inflammatory skin condition which is not  fatal. Seborrheic dermatitis can affect different body areas such as the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, creases of the nose, lips, behind the ears, in the outer ear, and middle of the chest. It tends to affect places where the skin is oily or greasy. In most cases the scalp is affected. [Read: What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?]

Common symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis are:
Yellowish-white scales and flakes on the scalp. The flakes may fall and are seen on shoulders of dark clothing—this is often the first symptom of dandruff. The scales and flakes may be waxy or greasy.
Dry itchy scalp, itch in the ear canal
Dry skin on face usually without any rash. It does not improve on application of lotions and creams. In fact it may become worse.
Yellowish-white, dry-looking, or thick, greasy scales on the eyebrows, sides of the nose, and behind the ears
Itch in ear canal and recurrent ear eczema.
Rash on eyebrows, nose, and ears. It may appear to be because of dry skin but application of moisturising creams and lotion may worsen it.
Oily scalp and facial skin with dry flakes.
Mild redness in the affected areas beneath the scales.
Dandruff on eyebrows or beard.
Rash on chest with dry flakes and red spots.

Cradle cap

It is the term used to indicate seborrheic dermatitis on scalp of infants. It is a harmless, temporary condition which improves in few weeks to months. Cradle cap is not contagious disease and it is not caused because of poor hygiene or allergy.

Signs and symptoms of cradle cap are:
Yellow, greasy scale on the scalp. It may be sparse and thin or a thick layer of scale can be present over the entire scalp. Scale may be yellow to brownish in colour. The scale becomes flaky and fall off in a few weeks to months (with or without treatment). Rarely cradle cap may be present till the age of 3. Other areas that can be affected by seborrheic dermatitis in infants are the face, usually on a baby’s eyelids, around the nose, or ears. In some infants it may appear on diaper area and rarely seborrheic dermatitis may cover most of the body of an infant.

Early pregnancy symptoms can sometimes happen before a missed period and before apositive pregnancy test. Especially the 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks pregnant signs.  Early pregnancy symptoms and signs are usually related to thepregnancy hormone hCG or "Human Chorionic Gonadotropin" which is responsible for pregnancy signs. Even though hCG is usually not detectable in large number until after a missed menstrual period, there are many women who report having typical pregnancy symptoms even before they miss their period. There are early detection pregnancy tests available than can confirm pregnancy as early as 6 - 8 days after conception has occured (well before a missed period).

If you're like everyone else then you're trying to figure out what the signs of pregnancy or pregnancy symptoms are and how likely they are to mean that you are pregnant. Read more about a day-by-day appearanceof pregnancy signs on the Pregnancy Symptoms Timeline Page. You can ask other people, you can worry in silence, but the best thing is to read through the categories and add up the signs. The more typical early pregnancy signs you have, the more likely you are to be pregnant.

Early pregnancy symptoms and signs differ from one woman to the other and from one pregnancy to the other. The most significant early pregnancy sign is a late or missed menstrual period. However, the only definite diagnosis even with the best pregnancy sign is to have a positive pregnancy test.

Understanding the signs and symptoms of pregnancy is important because each symptom may be related to something other than pregnancy. Some women experience early pregnancy signs within a week after ovulation/fertilization and conception.

In other women, early pregnancy symptoms and signs may develop much later, well after a missed period and after a positive pregnancy test. Other women may not have early pregnancy signs at all.
The first pregnancy symptoms and the time of their appearanceare listed here:  

Pregnancy Symptoms	Timing of Pregnancy Symptom
Temperature drop (dip)	Implantation day
Implantation bleeding or spotting:(a slight staining of a pink or brown color)	8-10 days after ovulation
Lower abdominal cramps /Implantation cramps / hot flashes	8-10 days after ovulation
A positive blood hCG pregnancy test	10 days after fertilization/ovulation
A positive urine home pregnancy test (HPT)	10-14 days after ovulation/fertilization
An elevated BBT	15+ days without a menstrual period
No period. A missed menstrual period (amenorrhea)	Your period is supposed to come 14-16 days after ovulation
Nausea	2-4 weeks after ovulation
Nipple or breast tenderness	3-4 weeks after conception
Fatigue and tiredness	3-10 weeks after conception
Vomiting	3-10 weeks after conception
Food cravings	1-2 months after conception
Frequent urination	Usually after 1-2 months
Softening of cervix	6+ weeks after LMP
Constipation	Later
Lower-back pain	Later
Darkening of areola (area around breast nipple)	After 14 weeks
Fetal heartbeat on sonogram	8-9 weeks after conception
Fetal movements	18-20+ weeks

Women can experience signs of a baby on the way within even their first few weeks. Every sign experienced is significant because they may be indications of other problems too. Early signs may include headaches, tiredness that may even lead to drowsiness, nausea and aches in the lower back.

These all indicate a ruffling up of the hormones which takes place when an embryo is beginning to develop. Many women lose hope when they experience light bleeding. However, this can be an indication of a developing embryo. In fact, this is often an extremely common first sign, which can be experienced as early as six days following conception.

The bleeding is usually a result of the embryo planting into the uterine wall. However, where there is no embryo, it could be a sign of infection, irritation from intercourse or hormonal upheaval caused by going off the pill. It might even be an early menstruation.

Missed periods are the signs that have many women bouncing with excitement.
It is an extremely common sign and the most recognized of symptoms. Little known to some is that some women experience bleeding while they’re pregnant. Their bleeding will most likely be lighter and cycles may be shorter and for more information about getting pregnant tips, Click Here.

Missed periods could also be the result of sudden weight changes, whether it’s a loss or gain. Exhaustion and tension, commonly felt by women highly stressed about falling pregnant, can also cause missed menses. Illness and breastfeeding are other causes.

Within the first two weeks of conception, women often have sore or sensitive breasts. These can also be caused by an upcoming period, contraceptive pills, and hormonal imbalance. Breasts may also become slightly swollen.

Tiredness after conception can be felt within the first week.
It can be quite a dramatic exhaustion and some women might find themselves becoming far more forgetful than they usually are. Of course, tiredness could also be caused by many illnesses such as flu or the common cold. People under a lot of stress often feel it too.

Morning sickness is the bane of some, while others never experience it at all. It usually shows up within two to eight weeks and could be experienced as nausea alone or heavy vomiting. Morning sickness is a misnomer as it can be experienced at any time of day. Certain foods might even trigger it, and it can help to make alterations to diet to try and ease it.

Crackers and other dry foods are often helpful, while pungent, spicy foods sometimes make it worse. Food poisoning, stress, hormonal changes due to birth control pills and other illnesses can all cause it in cases where conception hasn’t taken place. Some women are unfortunate enough to experience morning sickness throughout their entire nine months.